ID 1.14.15.7 DE choline monooxygenase. CA choline + 2 H(+) + O2 + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] = betaine CA aldehyde hydrate + H2O + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin]. CC -!- Catalyzes the first step of glycine betaine synthesis. CC -!- In many bacteria, plants and animals, the osmoprotectant betaine is CC synthesized in two steps: (1) choline to betaine aldehyde and (2) CC betaine aldehyde to betaine. CC -!- Different enzymes are involved in the first reaction. CC -!- In plants, the reaction is catalyzed by this enzyme whereas in CC animals and many bacteria, it is catalyzed by either membrane-bound CC EC 1.1.99.1 or soluble EC 1.1.3.17. CC -!- The enzyme involved in the second step, EC 1.2.1.8, appears to be the CC same in plants, animals and bacteria. CC -!- In some bacteria, betaine is synthesized from glycine through the CC actions of EC 2.1.1.156 and EC 2.1.1.157. CC -!- Formerly EC 1.14.14.4. DR Q93XE1, CHMO_AMATR ; Q9SZR0, CHMO_ARATH ; Q9LKN0, CHMO_ATRHO ; DR O22553, CHMO_BETVU ; O04121, CHMO_SPIOL ; //