ID 1.17.1.4 DE xanthine dehydrogenase. AN NAD-xanthine dehydrogenase. AN xanthine/NAD(+) oxidoreductase. AN xanthine-NAD oxidoreductase. AN xanthine oxidoreductase. CA H2O + NAD(+) + xanthine = H(+) + NADH + urate. CC -!- Acts on a variety of purines and aldehydes, including hypoxanthine. CC -!- The mammalian enzyme can also convert all-trans retinol to all-trans- CC retinoate, while the substrate is bound to a retinoid-binding CC protein. CC -!- The enzyme from eukaryotes contains [2Fe-2S], FAD and a molybdenum CC center. CC -!- The mammallian enzyme predominantly exists as the NAD-dependent CC dehydrogenase (EC 1.17.1.4). CC -!- During purification the enzyme is largely converted to an CC O2-dependent form, EC 1.17.3.2. CC -!- The conversion can be triggered by several mechanisms, including the CC oxidation of cysteine thiols to form disulfide bonds (which can be CC catalyzed by EC 1.8.4.7 in the presence of glutathione disulfide) or CC limited proteolysis, which results in irreversible conversion. CC -!- The conversion can also occur in vivo. CC -!- Formerly EC 1.1.1.204 and EC 1.2.1.37. DR Q8GUQ8, XDH1_ARATH ; F4JLI5, XDH2_ARATH ; O32147, XDHA_BACSU ; DR Q8X6C7, XDHA_ECO57 ; Q46799, XDHA_ECOLI ; Q8X6C5, XDHB_ECO57 ; DR Q46800, XDHB_ECOLI ; O32145, XDHC_BACSU ; O32144, XDHD_BACSU ; DR O32143, XDHE_BACSU ; R4ZGN4, XDH_BLAAD ; P80457, XDH_BOVIN ; DR P08793, XDH_CALVI ; P47990, XDH_CHICK ; Q54FB7, XDH_DICDI ; DR P10351, XDH_DROME ; P22811, XDH_DROPS ; P91711, XDH_DROSU ; DR Q12553, XDH_EMENI ; Q9MYW6, XDH_FELCA ; P47989, XDH_HUMAN ; DR Q00519, XDH_MOUSE ; Q6AUV1, XDH_ORYSJ ; P22985, XDH_RAT ; //