ID 2.7.11.24 DE mitogen-activated protein kinase. AN c-Jun N-terminal kinase. AN ERK. AN extracellular signal-regulated kinase. AN JNK. AN MAPK. AN MAP kinase. AN MBP kinase I. AN MBP kinase II. AN microtubule-associated protein 2 kinase. AN microtubule-associated protein kinase. AN myelin basic protein kinase. AN SAPK. AN stress-activated protein kinase. CA (1) ATP + L-seryl-[protein] = ADP + H(+) + O-phospho-L-seryl-[protein]. CA (2) ATP + L-threonyl-[protein] = ADP + H(+) + O-phospho-L-threonyl- CA [protein]. CC -!- Phosphorylation of specific tyrosine and threonine residues in the CC activation loop of this enzyme by EC 2.7.12.2 is necessary for enzyme CC activation. CC -!- Once activated, the enzyme phosphorylates target substrates on serine CC or threonine residues followed by a proline. CC -!- A distinguishing feature of all MAPKs is the conserved sequence Thr- CC Xaa-Tyr (TXY). CC -!- Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction pathways CC are among the most widespread mechanisms of cellular regulation. CC -!- Mammalian MAPK pathways can be recruited by a wide variety of stimuli CC including hormones (e.g. insulin and growth hormone), mitogens (e.g. CC epidermal growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor), CC vasoactive peptides (e.g. angiotensin-II and endothelin), CC inflammatory cytokines of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family and CC environmental stresses such as osmotic shock, ionizing radiation and CC ischemeic injury. CC -!- Formerly EC 2.7.1.37. DR B0XXN8, BCK1_ASPFC ; Q4WXY0, BCK1_ASPFU ; P0CP67, CPK1_CRYNB ; DR P0CP66, CPK1_CRYNJ ; Q5A1D3, ERK1_CANAL ; C4YGK0, ERK1_CANAW ; DR P42525, ERK1_DICDI ; Q54QB1, ERK2_DICDI ; Q9W354, ERK7_DROME ; DR P40417, ERKA_DROME ; P16892, FUS3_YEAST ; A3EZ55, HOG1A_WALI9; DR M1T7M3, HOG1B_WALI9; Q52PH6, HOG1_ALTBR ; A1CPG7, HOG1_ASPCL ; DR Q4WSF6, HOG1_ASPFU ; Q38HL5, HOG1_ASPGL ; A2QRF6, HOG1_ASPNC ; DR Q0D0P5, HOG1_ASPTN ; Q6PWX2, HOG1_BEABA ; Q702W0, HOG1_BLAAD ; DR Q8TGA9, HOG1_BLUGR ; A1IVT7, HOG1_BOTFB ; Q92207, HOG1_CANAL ; DR Q6FIU2, HOG1_CANGA ; Q2H332, HOG1_CHAGB ; Q4W6D3, HOG1_COCHE ; DR Q1DUU8, HOG1_COCIM ; Q2WFL5, HOG1_COCMI ; Q75Q66, HOG1_COLOR ; DR P0CP69, HOG1_CRYNB ; Q56R42, HOG1_CRYNH ; P0CP68, HOG1_CRYNJ ; DR Q875L0, HOG1_CRYPA ; Q9UV50, HOG1_DEBHA ; Q9P419, HOG1_EMENI ; DR Q750A9, HOG1_EREGS ; Q5I6M2, HOG1_EXSTU ; Q4PNJ1, HOG1_FUSCU ; DR Q4PKS0, HOG1_GIBIN ; P0C431, HOG1_GIBZE ; Q8NJT7, HOG1_HORWE ; DR Q6XKY3, HOG1_HYPAT ; Q6CJA8, HOG1_KLULA ; A1D2C9, HOG1_NEOFI ; DR Q96TL5, HOG1_NEUCR ; Q0U4L8, HOG1_PHANO ; A3LN91, HOG1_PICST ; DR Q9UV51, HOG1_PYRO7 ; Q09892, HOG1_SCHPO ; Q1L5Z8, HOG1_TORDE ; DR Q2WGK3, HOG1_TRIHA ; Q4PC06, HOG1_USTMA ; A3EZ53, HOG1_WALMU ; DR A3EZ54, HOG1_WALSE ; Q6C4M9, HOG1_YARLI ; P32485, HOG1_YEAST ; DR O93982, HOG1_ZYGRC ; O59854, HOG1_ZYGRO ; Q1KTF2, HOG1_ZYMTI ; DR O59853, HOG2_ZYGRO ; Q9U6D2, JNK1_ANCCA ; Q8WQG9, JNK1_CAEEL ; DR P92208, JNK_DROME ; Q966Y3, JNK_SUBDO ; O44408, KGB1_CAEEL ; DR P14681, KSS1_YEAST ; O94737, MAPK1_PNECA; O42781, MAPK2_PNECA; DR Q00859, MAPK_FUSVN ; G4NDR3, MCK1_PYRO7 ; P46196, MK01_BOVIN ; DR P28482, MK01_HUMAN ; P63085, MK01_MOUSE ; P63086, MK01_RAT ; DR P26696, MK01_XENLA ; P27361, MK03_HUMAN ; Q63844, MK03_MOUSE ; DR P21708, MK03_RAT ; P31152, MK04_HUMAN ; Q6P5G0, MK04_MOUSE ; DR Q63454, MK04_RAT ; Q5F3W3, MK06_CHICK ; Q16659, MK06_HUMAN ; DR Q61532, MK06_MOUSE ; Q5R7U1, MK06_PONAB ; P27704, MK06_RAT ; DR A5PKJ4, MK07_BOVIN ; Q13164, MK07_HUMAN ; Q9WVS8, MK07_MOUSE ; DR P0C865, MK07_RAT ; Q90327, MK08A_CYPCA; O42099, MK08B_CYPCA; DR Q9DGD9, MK08_DANRE ; P45983, MK08_HUMAN ; Q91Y86, MK08_MOUSE ; DR P49185, MK08_RAT ; Q8QHK8, MK08_XENLA ; P79996, MK09_CHICK ; DR P45984, MK09_HUMAN ; Q9WTU6, MK09_MOUSE ; P49186, MK09_RAT ; DR P53779, MK10_HUMAN ; Q61831, MK10_MOUSE ; P49187, MK10_RAT ; DR Q15759, MK11_HUMAN ; Q9WUI1, MK11_MOUSE ; O42376, MK12_DANRE ; DR P53778, MK12_HUMAN ; O08911, MK12_MOUSE ; Q63538, MK12_RAT ; DR Q3T0N5, MK13_BOVIN ; O15264, MK13_HUMAN ; Q9Z1B7, MK13_MOUSE ; DR Q9N272, MK13_PANTR ; Q9WTY9, MK13_RAT ; Q90336, MK14A_CYPCA; DR Q9DGE2, MK14A_DANRE; Q9I958, MK14B_CYPCA; Q9DGE1, MK14B_DANRE; DR P83100, MK14C_DROME; O02812, MK14_CANLF ; Q16539, MK14_HUMAN ; DR P47811, MK14_MOUSE ; Q95NE7, MK14_PANTR ; P70618, MK14_RAT ; DR P47812, MK14_XENLA ; Q11179, MK15_CAEEL ; Q8TD08, MK15_HUMAN ; DR Q80Y86, MK15_MOUSE ; Q9Z2A6, MK15_RAT ; Q501Q9, MK15_XENLA ; DR O62618, MK38A_DROME; O61443, MK38B_DROME; Q5AAG6, MKC1_CANAL ; DR P43068, MKC1_CANAX ; B0XPE4, MKK2_ASPFC ; Q4WJJ0, MKK2_ASPFU ; DR G4N6Z6, MKK2_PYRO7 ; Q07176, MMK1_MEDSA ; Q40353, MMK2_MEDSA ; DR O81472, MP3K2_ARATH; Q9M1Z5, MPK10_ARATH; Q5ZCI1, MPK10_ORYSJ; DR Q9LMM5, MPK11_ARATH; Q5VN19, MPK11_ORYSJ; Q8GYQ5, MPK12_ARATH; DR Q5Z9J0, MPK12_ORYSJ; Q9LQQ9, MPK13_ARATH; A2X0M1, MPK13_ORYSI; DR Q0E459, MPK13_ORYSJ; O23236, MPK14_ARATH; Q75KK8, MPK14_ORYSJ; DR Q9C9U4, MPK15_ARATH; Q53N72, MPK15_ORYSJ; Q8W4J2, MPK16_ARATH; DR Q5VP69, MPK16_ORYSJ; Q84M93, MPK17_ARATH; Q6L5F7, MPK17_ORYSJ; DR Q9C5C0, MPK18_ARATH; Q9LUC3, MPK19_ARATH; Q39021, MPK1_ARATH ; DR P39745, MPK1_CAEEL ; Q84UI5, MPK1_ORYSJ ; Q9SJG9, MPK20_ARATH; DR Q39022, MPK2_ARATH ; Q5J4W4, MPK2_ORYSJ ; Q39023, MPK3_ARATH ; DR Q6Z437, MPK3_ORYSJ ; A9T142, MPK4A_PHYPA; A9S9Q8, MPK4B_PHYPA; DR Q39024, MPK4_ARATH ; Q9GRU1, MPK4_LEIME ; Q5Z859, MPK4_ORYSJ ; DR Q39025, MPK5_ARATH ; A2XFC8, MPK5_ORYSI ; Q10N20, MPK5_ORYSJ ; DR Q39026, MPK6_ARATH ; Q336X9, MPK6_ORYSJ ; Q39027, MPK7_ARATH ; DR Q67C40, MPK7_ORYSJ ; Q9LM33, MPK8_ARATH ; Q5SN53, MPK8_ORYSJ ; DR Q9LV37, MPK9_ARATH ; Q6L5D4, MPK9_ORYSJ ; B0Y4X4, MPKA_ASPFC ; DR Q4WQR3, MPKA_ASPFU ; B0Y8W7, MPKB_ASPFC ; A1CAF0, MPKC_ASPCL ; DR B0Y462, MPKC_ASPFC ; Q4WUN7, MPKC_ASPFU ; A2QN07, MPKC_ASPNC ; DR Q2U469, MPKC_ASPOR ; Q0CIC7, MPKC_ASPTN ; Q9HG11, MPKC_EMENI ; DR A1DES4, MPKC_NEOFI ; Q06060, MPK_PEA ; Q40884, MPK_PETHY ; DR G4N374, MPS1_PYRO7 ; O13352, MPS1_PYROR ; G4N7X0, MST11_PYRO7; DR G4NEB8, MST7_PYRO7 ; Q8QGV6, NLK2_XENLA ; B1H3E1, NLK2_XENTR ; DR E1BMN8, NLK_BOVIN ; A8XSC1, NLK_CAEBR ; Q9U9Y8, NLK_CAEEL ; DR E2QWQ2, NLK_CANLF ; Q9UBE8, NLK_HUMAN ; O54949, NLK_MOUSE ; DR D3ZSZ3, NLK_RAT ; Q40517, NTF3_TOBAC ; Q40532, NTF4_TOBAC ; DR Q40531, NTF6_TOBAC ; Q17446, PMK1_CAEEL ; G4N0Z0, PMK1_PYRO7 ; DR Q92246, PMK1_PYROR ; Q8MXI4, PMK2_CAEEL ; O44514, PMK3_CAEEL ; DR B0XR80, SAKA_ASPFC ; Q00772, SLT2_YEAST ; G5EBT1, SMA5_CAEEL ; DR P41808, SMK1_YEAST ; P27638, SPK1_SCHPO ; Q92398, SPM1_SCHPO ; //