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ENZYME

ENZYME entry: EC 2.7.11.39

PURL: https://purl.expasy.org/enzyme/EC/2.7.11.39
Accepted Name
ROCK-subfamily protein kinase
Alternative Name(s)
Rho kinase
Reaction catalysed
  • L-seryl-[protein] + ATP = O-phospho-L-seryl-[protein] + ADP + H(+)
  • L-threonyl-[protein] + ATP = O-phospho-L-threonyl-[protein] + ADP + H(+)
Comment(s)
  • The enzyme has wide range known substrates, mostly involved in cytoskeletal regulation, with a preference for positive charges at P1 to P5.
  • Requires Mg(2+).
  • An animal specific kinase that is duplicated in vertebrates (ROCK1, ROCK2), and with homologs in Drosophila (rok) and Caenorhabditis elegans (let-502). They are ~1300 amino-acid proteins, with an N-terminal kinase domain, with the AGC-specific kinase domain tail, followed by a central coiled-coil region, HR1 domain, Rho-binding domain (RBD), and PH domain. The PH domain is split by an inserted CRD (cysteine-rich Zn finger motif).
  • ROCK is activated by the small GTPase Rho and modulates the cytoskeleton by phosphorylation of a wide array of other cytoskeletal proteins. Binding of Rho-GTP to the RBD relieves an intramolecular inhibition and activates the kinase activity. These kinases modulate the cytoskeleton in response to Rho GTPase signaling.
  • Substrates include LIM-kinase (LIMK) which phosphorylates and inhibits cofilin, blocking its actin-depolymerizing function, and myosin regulatory light chain (MRLC2/MYL12B) that regulates Myosin II.
  • In Drosophila it is involved in the planar cell polarity pathway, where it is genetically downstream of frizzled and disheveled gene families, and phosphorylates the non-muscle myosin light chain, regulating Myosin II. It is activated by Rho1, the single homolog of human RhoA/B/C, which also activate ROCK.
Cross-references
BRENDA2.7.11.39
EC2PDB2.7.11.39
ExplorEnz2.7.11.39
KEGG Ligand Database for Enzyme Nomenclature2.7.11.39
IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature2.7.11.39
MEDLINEFind literature relating to 2.7.11.39
MetaCyc2.7.11.39
Rhea expert-curated reactions2.7.11.39
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Q8MIT6, ROCK1_BOVINQ13464, ROCK1_HUMANP70335, ROCK1_MOUSE
P61584, ROCK1_PANTRO77819, ROCK1_RABITQ63644, ROCK1_RAT
Q28021, ROCK2_BOVINO75116, ROCK2_HUMANP70336, ROCK2_MOUSE
M3TYT0, ROCK2_PIGQ62868, ROCK2_RAT

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