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ENZYME entry: EC 1.14.20.4

Accepted Name
anthocyanidin synthase.
Alternative Name(s)
leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase.
leucocyanidin oxygenase.
Reaction catalysed
2-oxoglutarate + a (2R,3S,4S)-leucoanthocyanidin + O2 <=> a 4-H-anthocyanidin with a 3-hydroxy group + CO2 + 2 H2O + succinate
Comment(s)
  • Is involved in the pathway by which many flowering plants make anthocyanin flower pigments (glycosylated anthocyandins).
  • Hydroxylates the C-3 carbon, followed by a trans diaxial elimination, forming a C-2,C-3 enol.
  • The product loses a second water molecule to form anthocyanidins.
  • When assayed in vitro, non-enzymic epimerization of the product can lead to formation of dihydroflavanols.
  • Thus when the substrate is leucocyanidin, a mixture of (+)-taxifolin and (+)-epitaxifolin are formed.
  • The enzyme can also oxidize the formed (+)-taxifolin to quercetin (cf. EC 1.14.20.6).
  • Formerly EC 1.14.11.19.
Cross-references
BRENDA1.14.20.4
EC2PDB1.14.20.4
ExplorEnz1.14.20.4
PRIAM enzyme-specific profiles1.14.20.4
KEGG Ligand Database for Enzyme Nomenclature1.14.20.4
IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature1.14.20.4
IntEnz1.14.20.4
MEDLINEFind literature relating to 1.14.20.4
MetaCyc1.14.20.4
Rhea expert-curated reactions1.14.20.4
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
A2WQ39, ANS1_ORYSI;  Q93VC3, ANS1_ORYSJ;  Q67VR7, ANS2_ORYSJ;  
A0A2R6PI27, LDOX_ACTCC;  Q96323, LDOX_ARATH;  P41213, LDOX_MAIZE;  
P51091, LDOX_MALDO;  O04274, LDOX_PERFR;  P51092, LDOX_PETHY;  
P51093, LDOX_VITVI;  

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