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ENZYME

ENZYME entry: EC 1.14.99.63

Accepted Name
beta-carotene 4-ketolase
Alternative Name(s)
beta-C-4 oxygenase
beta-carotene ketolase
Reaction catalysed
  • 2 AH2 + all-trans-beta-carotene + 2 O2 = 2 A + echinenone + 3 H2O
  • 2 AH2 + echinenone + 2 O2 = 2 A + canthaxanthin + 3 H2O
Comment(s)
  • The enzyme, studied from algae, plants, fungi, and bacteria, adds an oxo group at position 4 of a carotenoid beta ring.
  • It is involved in the biosynthesis of carotenoids such as astaxanthin and flexixanthin.
  • The enzymes does not act on beta rings that are hydroxylated at position 3, such as in zeaxanthin (cf. EC 1.14.99.64).
  • The enzyme from the yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous is bifuntional and also catalyzes the activity of EC 1.14.15.24.
Cross-references
BRENDA1.14.99.63
EC2PDB1.14.99.63
ExplorEnz1.14.99.63
PRIAM enzyme-specific profiles1.14.99.63
KEGG Ligand Database for Enzyme Nomenclature1.14.99.63
IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature1.14.99.63
IntEnz1.14.99.63
MEDLINEFind literature relating to 1.14.99.63
MetaCyc1.14.99.63
Rhea expert-curated reactions1.14.99.63
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Q6J3N5, BKT3_HAELAQ4VKB4, BKT_CHLREG3F5K2, BKT_PROBT
Q39982, CRTW_HAELAQ44261, CRTW_PARS1P54972, CRTW_PARSN

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