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ENZYME entry: EC 5.1.99.5

Accepted Name
Hydantoin racemase.
Alternative Name(s)
5'-monosubstituted-hydantoin racemase.
Reaction catalysed
D-5-monosubstituted hydantoin <=> L-5-monosubstituted hydantoin
Comment(s)
  • This enzyme, along with EC 3.5.1.77, EC 3.5.1.87 and EC 3.5.2.2, forms part of the reaction cascade known as the 'hydantoinase process', which allows the total conversion of D,L-5-monosubstituted hydantoins into optically pure D- or L-amino acids.
  • The enzyme from Pseudomonas sp. (HyuE) has a preference for hydantoins with aliphatic substituents, e.g. D- and L-5- (2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl)hydantoin, whereas that from Arthrobacter aurescens shows highest activity with arylalkyl substituents, especially 5-benzylhydantoin, at the 5-position.
  • In the enzyme from Sinorhizobium meliloti, Cys-76 is responsible for recognition and proton retrieval of D-isomers, while Cys-181 is responsible for L-isomer recognition and racemization.
Cross-references
BRENDA5.1.99.5
EC2PDB5.1.99.5
ExplorEnz5.1.99.5
PRIAM enzyme-specific profiles5.1.99.5
KEGG Ligand Database for Enzyme Nomenclature5.1.99.5
IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature5.1.99.5
IntEnz5.1.99.5
MEDLINEFind literature relating to 5.1.99.5
MetaCyc5.1.99.5
Rhea expert-curated reactions5.1.99.5
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Q9F466, HYDRA_PAEAU;  Q00924, HYDRA_PSESN;  Q6TMG4, HYDRA_RHIML;  

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