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ENZYME

ENZYME entry: EC 1.1.99.1

PURL: https://purl.expasy.org/enzyme/EC/1.1.99.1
Accepted Name
choline dehydrogenase
Alternative Name(s)
choline-cytochrome c reductase
choline oxidase
Reaction catalysed
choline + A = betaine aldehyde + AH2
Comment(s)
  • In many bacteria, plants and animals, the osmoprotectant betaine is synthesized using different enzymes to catalyze the conversion of (1) choline into betaine aldehyde and (2) betaine aldehyde into betaine.
  • In plants, the first reaction is catalyzed by EC 1.14.15.7 whereas in animals and many bacteria, it is catalyzed by either EC 1.1.99.1 or EC 1.1.3.17.
  • The enzyme involved in the second step, EC 1.2.1.8, appears to be the same in plants, animals and bacteria.
Cross-references
BRENDA1.1.99.1
EC2PDB1.1.99.1
ExplorEnz1.1.99.1
KEGG Ligand Database for Enzyme Nomenclature1.1.99.1
IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature1.1.99.1
MEDLINEFind literature relating to 1.1.99.1
MetaCyc1.1.99.1
Rhea expert-curated reactions1.1.99.1
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Q1QXE1, BETA1_CHRSDQ9L4K0, BETA2_CHRSDQ6FDF9, BETA_ACIAD
B7GYG5, BETA_ACIB3B7I895, BETA_ACIB5B2HV79, BETA_ACIBC
B0VST3, BETA_ACIBSB0V945, BETA_ACIBYQ8UH55, BETA_AGRFC
A6X2G7, BETA_BRUA4A9M9H8, BETA_BRUC2Q8YFY2, BETA_BRUME
A5VPA6, BETA_BRUO2B0CKN4, BETA_BRUSIQ8G1Z8, BETA_BRUSU
B1Z034, BETA_BURA4A0B2F7, BETA_BURCHB4EHJ2, BETA_BURCJ
Q0B711, BETA_BURCMQ39A44, BETA_BURL3A9AMZ9, BETA_BURM1
Q62CH8, BETA_BURMAB1K707, BETA_BURO0Q1BQE2, BETA_BURO1
Q3JLL7, BETA_BURP1Q63KK7, BETA_BURPSQ2T6D0, BETA_BURTA
A4JJG6, BETA_BURVGA8AJN0, BETA_CITK8A7MFA8, BETA_CROS8
A7ZI50, BETA_ECO24B7UJG4, BETA_ECO27B7MCD0, BETA_ECO45
B7L439, BETA_ECO55Q8X6C6, BETA_ECO57B5Z1R0, BETA_ECO5E
B7M2V5, BETA_ECO8AB1XE52, BETA_ECODHA7ZWV4, BETA_ECOHS
Q0TKW1, BETA_ECOL5Q8FKI9, BETA_ECOL6B1J0W6, BETA_ECOLC
P17444, BETA_ECOLIB7N8L3, BETA_ECOLUB6I074, BETA_ECOSE
B1LIJ7, BETA_ECOSMQ1RFM3, BETA_ECOUTA4XPI5, BETA_ECTM1
B5Y008, BETA_KLEP3A6T613, BETA_KLEP7B2JS89, BETA_PARP8
B2TCJ8, BETA_PARPJQ13NG7, BETA_PARXLQ6D6D9, BETA_PECAS
C6DKY4, BETA_PECCPQ6LGH5, BETA_PHOPRB4EX94, BETA_PROMH
Q48CM7, BETA_PSE14B7V5R3, BETA_PSEA8Q02DZ0, BETA_PSEAB
Q9HTJ2, BETA_PSEAEQ1IG70, BETA_PSEE4Q4K4K7, BETA_PSEF5
C3K3D3, BETA_PSEFSA5WA97, BETA_PSEP1A6VEI3, BETA_PSEP7
Q3K5H3, BETA_PSEPFB0KN19, BETA_PSEPGQ88CW6, BETA_PSEPK
Q88AE7, BETA_PSESMQ4ZM63, BETA_PSEU2B3PTE0, BETA_RHIE6
Q2KB43, BETA_RHIECQ1MJU4, BETA_RHIJ3Q985M5, BETA_RHILO
B5ZUG2, BETA_RHILWP54223, BETA_RHIMEB9JBA2, BETA_RHIR8
A8GBX9, BETA_SERP5Q0T7N0, BETA_SHIF8C3MIE4, BETA_SINFN
A6U6Y8, BETA_SINMWA7X6Z3, BETA_STAA1A6U4Z2, BETA_STAA2
Q2FDP9, BETA_STAA3Q2FV11, BETA_STAA8A5IW37, BETA_STAA9
Q2YWJ5, BETA_STAABQ5HCU1, BETA_STAACA6QK99, BETA_STAAE
P60336, BETA_STAAMP60337, BETA_STAANQ6GDJ1, BETA_STAAR
Q6G664, BETA_STAASA8Z5A4, BETA_STAATQ8NUM0, BETA_STAAW
Q5HL11, BETA_STAEQQ8CMY2, BETA_STAESQ4L9D7, BETA_STAHJ
Q4A0Q1, BETA_STAS1Q9X2M2, BETA_STAXYB4SHV9, BETA_STRM5
B2FQ89, BETA_STRMKA7N2P9, BETA_VIBC1Q8D3K2, BETA_VIBVU
Q7MF12, BETA_VIBVYQ8PPG8, BETA_XANACQ4UYN5, BETA_XANC8
B0RNU9, BETA_XANCBQ8P5D7, BETA_XANCPQ3BXK8, BETA_XANE5
A7FKL6, BETA_YERP3Q1C932, BETA_YERPAB2K8U4, BETA_YERPB
Q8ZGW0, BETA_YERPEQ1CFR7, BETA_YERPNA4TNP2, BETA_YERPP
Q66D54, BETA_YERPSB1JSR0, BETA_YERPYQ8NE62, CHDH_HUMAN
Q8BJ64, CHDH_MOUSEQ6UPE0, CHDH_RAT

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