ENZYME

ENZYME entry: EC 1.14.15.7

Accepted Name

Choline monooxygenase.

Reaction catalysed

Choline + O(2) + 2 reduced ferredoxin + 2 H(+) <=> betaine aldehyde hydrate + H(2)O + 2 oxidized ferredoxin

Cofactor(s)

Iron-sulfur; Mg(2+).

Comment(s)

Catalyzes the first step of glycine betaine synthesis.
In many bacteria, plants and animals, the osmoprotectant betaine is synthesized in two steps: (1) choline to betaine aldehyde and (2) betaine aldehyde to betaine.
Different enzymes are involved in the first reaction.
In plants, the reaction is catalyzed by this enzyme whereas in animals and many bacteria, it is catalyzed by either membrane-bound EC 1.1.99.1 or soluble EC 1.1.3.17.
The enzyme involved in the second step, EC 1.2.1.8, appears to be the same in plants, animals and bacteria.
In some bacteria, betaine is synthesized from glycine through the actions of EC 2.1.1.156 and EC 2.1.1.157.
Formerly EC 1.14.14.4.

Cross-references

BRENDA

EC2PDB

ExplorEnz

PRIAM enzyme-specific profiles

KEGG Ligand Database for Enzyme Nomenclature

IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature