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ENZYME

ENZYME entry: EC 1.2.1.8

Accepted Name
betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase
Alternative Name(s)
BADH
betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase
betaine aldehyde oxidase
Reaction catalysed
betaine aldehyde + H2O + NAD(+) = glycine betaine + 2 H(+) + NADH
Comment(s)
  • In many bacteria, plants and animals, the osmoprotectant betaine is synthesized in two steps: (1) choline to betaine aldehyde and (2) betaine aldehyde to betaine.
  • This enzyme is involved in the second step and appears to be the same in plants, animals and bacteria.
  • In contrast, different enzymes are involved in the first reaction.
  • In plants, this reaction is catalyzed by EC 1.14.15.7, whereas in animals and many bacteria, it is catalyzed by either membrane-bound EC 1.1.99.1 or soluble EC 1.1.3.17.
  • In some bacteria, betaine is synthesized from glycine through the actions of EC 2.1.1.156 and EC 2.1.1.157.
Cross-references
BRENDA1.2.1.8
EC2PDB1.2.1.8
ExplorEnz1.2.1.8
PRIAM enzyme-specific profiles1.2.1.8
KEGG Ligand Database for Enzyme Nomenclature1.2.1.8
IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature1.2.1.8
IntEnz1.2.1.8
MEDLINEFind literature relating to 1.2.1.8
MetaCyc1.2.1.8
Rhea expert-curated reactions1.2.1.8
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Q56R04, AADH1_SOLLCC0P9J6, ADH1A_MAIZEG5DDC2, ADH1B_MAIZE
Q2KJC9, AL7A1_BOVINP49419, AL7A1_HUMANQ9DBF1, AL7A1_MOUSE
Q64057, AL7A1_RATQ9S795, BADH1_ARATHO24174, BADH1_ORYSJ
Q9STS1, BADH2_ARATHB3VMC0, BADH2_ORYSIQ84LK3, BADH2_ORYSJ
O04895, BADH_AMAHPP42757, BADH_ATRHOP28237, BADH_BETVU
Q40024, BADH_HORVUO59808, BADH_SCHPOP17202, BADH_SPIOL
Q1QXE1, BETA1_CHRSDQ6FDF9, BETA_ACIADB7GYG5, BETA_ACIB3
B7I895, BETA_ACIB5B2HV79, BETA_ACIBCB0VST3, BETA_ACIBS
B0V945, BETA_ACIBYQ8UH55, BETA_AGRFCA6X2G7, BETA_BRUA4
A9M9H8, BETA_BRUC2Q8YFY2, BETA_BRUMEA5VPA6, BETA_BRUO2
B0CKN4, BETA_BRUSIQ8G1Z8, BETA_BRUSUB1Z034, BETA_BURA4
A0B2F7, BETA_BURCHB4EHJ2, BETA_BURCJQ0B711, BETA_BURCM
Q39A44, BETA_BURL3A9AMZ9, BETA_BURM1Q62CH8, BETA_BURMA
B1K707, BETA_BURO0Q1BQE2, BETA_BURO1Q3JLL7, BETA_BURP1
Q63KK7, BETA_BURPSQ2T6D0, BETA_BURTAA4JJG6, BETA_BURVG
A8AJN0, BETA_CITK8A7MFA8, BETA_CROS8A7ZI50, BETA_ECO24
B7UJG4, BETA_ECO27B7MCD0, BETA_ECO45B7L439, BETA_ECO55
Q8X6C6, BETA_ECO57B5Z1R0, BETA_ECO5EB7M2V5, BETA_ECO8A
B1XE52, BETA_ECODHA7ZWV4, BETA_ECOHSQ0TKW1, BETA_ECOL5
Q8FKI9, BETA_ECOL6B1J0W6, BETA_ECOLCP17444, BETA_ECOLI
B7N8L3, BETA_ECOLUB6I074, BETA_ECOSEB1LIJ7, BETA_ECOSM
Q1RFM3, BETA_ECOUTB5Y008, BETA_KLEP3A6T613, BETA_KLEP7
B2JS89, BETA_PARP8B2TCJ8, BETA_PARPJQ13NG7, BETA_PARXL
Q6D6D9, BETA_PECASC6DKY4, BETA_PECCPQ6LGH5, BETA_PHOPR
B4EX94, BETA_PROMHQ48CM7, BETA_PSE14A6VEI3, BETA_PSEA7
B7V5R3, BETA_PSEA8Q02DZ0, BETA_PSEABQ9HTJ2, BETA_PSEAE
Q1IG70, BETA_PSEE4Q4K4K7, BETA_PSEF5C3K3D3, BETA_PSEFS
A4XPI5, BETA_PSEMYA5WA97, BETA_PSEP1Q3K5H3, BETA_PSEPF
B0KN19, BETA_PSEPGQ88CW6, BETA_PSEPKQ88AE7, BETA_PSESM
Q4ZM63, BETA_PSEU2B3PTE0, BETA_RHIE6Q2KB43, BETA_RHIEC
Q1MJU4, BETA_RHIJ3Q985M5, BETA_RHILOB5ZUG2, BETA_RHILW
P54223, BETA_RHIMEB9JBA2, BETA_RHIR8A8GBX9, BETA_SERP5
Q0T7N0, BETA_SHIF8C3MIE4, BETA_SINFNA6U6Y8, BETA_SINMW
A7X6Z3, BETA_STAA1A6U4Z2, BETA_STAA2Q2FDP9, BETA_STAA3
Q2FV11, BETA_STAA8A5IW37, BETA_STAA9Q2YWJ5, BETA_STAAB
Q5HCU1, BETA_STAACA6QK99, BETA_STAAEP60336, BETA_STAAM
P60337, BETA_STAANQ6GDJ1, BETA_STAARQ6G664, BETA_STAAS
A8Z5A4, BETA_STAATQ8NUM0, BETA_STAAWQ5HL11, BETA_STAEQ
Q8CMY2, BETA_STAESQ4L9D7, BETA_STAHJQ4A0Q1, BETA_STAS1
Q9X2M2, BETA_STAXYB4SHV9, BETA_STRM5B2FQ89, BETA_STRMK
A7N2P9, BETA_VIBC1Q8D3K2, BETA_VIBVUQ7MF12, BETA_VIBVY
Q8PPG8, BETA_XANACQ4UYN5, BETA_XANC8B0RNU9, BETA_XANCB
Q8P5D7, BETA_XANCPQ3BXK8, BETA_XANE5A7FKL6, BETA_YERP3
Q1C932, BETA_YERPAB2K8U4, BETA_YERPBQ8ZGW0, BETA_YERPE
Q1CFR7, BETA_YERPNA4TNP2, BETA_YERPPQ66D54, BETA_YERPS
B1JSR0, BETA_YERPYP54222, BETB1_RHIMEQ92YD2, BETB2_RHIME
Q6FDF8, BETB_ACIADB7GYG4, BETB_ACIB3B7I896, BETB_ACIB5
B2HV80, BETB_ACIBCB0VST2, BETB_ACIBSA3M365, BETB_ACIBT
B0V944, BETB_ACIBYQ8UH56, BETB_AGRFCB2SA42, BETB_BRUA1
Q2YMP8, BETB_BRUA2A6X2G8, BETB_BRUA4Q57EI0, BETB_BRUAB
A9M9H7, BETB_BRUC2C0RHQ3, BETB_BRUMBQ8YFY0, BETB_BRUME
A5VPA5, BETB_BRUO2B0CKN3, BETB_BRUSIQ8G1Z9, BETB_BRUSU
B1Z033, BETB_BURA4A0B2F6, BETB_BURCHB4EHJ1, BETB_BURCJ
Q0B712, BETB_BURCMQ39A43, BETB_BURL3A9AN00, BETB_BURM1
A3MEC6, BETB_BURM7A2RWD6, BETB_BURM9Q62CH7, BETB_BURMA
A1UVS4, BETB_BURMSB1K708, BETB_BURO0Q1BQE1, BETB_BURO1
A3P6B0, BETB_BURP0Q3JLL8, BETB_BURP1A3NKP8, BETB_BURP6
Q63KK8, BETB_BURPSA4JJG5, BETB_BURVGA3PI00, BETB_CERS1
Q3J4E9, BETB_CERS4A4WUY6, BETB_CERS5B9KNS6, BETB_CERSK
Q9L4K1, BETB_CHRSDA7ZI51, BETB_ECO24B7UJG5, BETB_ECO27
B7MCD1, BETB_ECO45B7L441, BETB_ECO55Q7AH91, BETB_ECO57
B5Z1R1, BETB_ECO5EB7NK50, BETB_ECO7IB7M2V6, BETB_ECO8A
B1XET7, BETB_ECODHA7ZWV5, BETB_ECOHSQ0TKW0, BETB_ECOL5
Q8FKI8, BETB_ECOL6B1J0W5, BETB_ECOLCP17445, BETB_ECOLI
B7N8L4, BETB_ECOLUB6I075, BETB_ECOSEB1LIJ8, BETB_ECOSM
B5Y007, BETB_KLEP3A6W2P7, BETB_MARMSB2JS88, BETB_PARP8
B2TCJ9, BETB_PARPJQ13NG6, BETB_PARXLQ6D6E0, BETB_PECAS
C6DKY5, BETB_PECCPQ48CM6, BETB_PSE14A6VEI4, BETB_PSEA7
B7V5R4, BETB_PSEA8Q02DY9, BETB_PSEABQ9HTJ1, BETB_PSEAE
Q1IG69, BETB_PSEE4Q4K4K8, BETB_PSEF5C3K3D2, BETB_PSEFS
A4XPI6, BETB_PSEMYA5WA96, BETB_PSEP1Q3K5H4, BETB_PSEPF
B0KN18, BETB_PSEPGQ88CW7, BETB_PSEPKB1J2K9, BETB_PSEPW
Q88AE9, BETB_PSESMQ4ZM62, BETB_PSEU2B3PTE1, BETB_RHIE6
Q2KB42, BETB_RHIECQ1MJU3, BETB_RHIJ3Q985M6, BETB_RHILO
B5ZUG3, BETB_RHILWB9JBA3, BETB_RHIR8A8GBX8, BETB_SERP5
Q0T7M9, BETB_SHIF8C3MIE5, BETB_SINFNA6U6Y9, BETB_SINMW
B4SHW0, BETB_STRM5B2FQ90, BETB_STRMKA4VKC2, BETB_STUS1
B7VQ28, BETB_VIBA3A7N2Q0, BETB_VIBC1Q87H52, BETB_VIBPA
Q8D3K3, BETB_VIBVUQ7MF13, BETB_VIBVYQ8PPG7, BETB_XANAC
Q4UYN4, BETB_XANC8B0RNV0, BETB_XANCBQ8P5D8, BETB_XANCP
Q3BXK7, BETB_XANE5A7FKL5, BETB_YERP3Q1C931, BETB_YERPA
B2K8U5, BETB_YERPBQ8ZGV9, BETB_YERPEQ1CFR8, BETB_YERPN
A4TNP1, BETB_YERPPQ66D53, BETB_YERPSB1JSQ9, BETB_YERPY
P71016, GBSA_BACSU

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All ENZYME / UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries corresponding to 1.2.1.-
All ENZYME / UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries corresponding to 1.2.-.-
All ENZYME / UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries corresponding to 1.-.-.-