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ENZYME

ENZYME entry: EC 1.2.1.8

Accepted Name
betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase
Alternative Name(s)
BADH
betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase
betaine aldehyde oxidase
Reaction catalysed
betaine aldehyde + H2O + NAD(+) <=> glycine betaine + 2 H(+) + NADH
Comment(s)
  • In many bacteria, plants and animals, the osmoprotectant betaine is synthesized in two steps: (1) choline to betaine aldehyde and (2) betaine aldehyde to betaine.
  • This enzyme is involved in the second step and appears to be the same in plants, animals and bacteria.
  • In contrast, different enzymes are involved in the first reaction.
  • In plants, this reaction is catalyzed by EC 1.14.15.7, whereas in animals and many bacteria, it is catalyzed by either membrane-bound EC 1.1.99.1 or soluble EC 1.1.3.17.
  • In some bacteria, betaine is synthesized from glycine through the actions of EC 2.1.1.156 and EC 2.1.1.157.
Cross-references
BRENDA1.2.1.8
EC2PDB1.2.1.8
ExplorEnz1.2.1.8
PRIAM enzyme-specific profiles1.2.1.8
KEGG Ligand Database for Enzyme Nomenclature1.2.1.8
IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature1.2.1.8
IntEnz1.2.1.8
MEDLINEFind literature relating to 1.2.1.8
MetaCyc1.2.1.8
Rhea expert-curated reactions1.2.1.8
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Q56R04, AADH1_SOLLCC0P9J6, ADH1A_MAIZEG5DDC2, ADH1B_MAIZE
Q2KJC9, AL7A1_BOVINP49419, AL7A1_HUMANQ9DBF1, AL7A1_MOUSE
Q64057, AL7A1_RATQ9S795, BADH1_ARATHO24174, BADH1_ORYSJ
Q9STS1, BADH2_ARATHB3VMC0, BADH2_ORYSIQ84LK3, BADH2_ORYSJ
O04895, BADH_AMAHPP42757, BADH_ATRHOP28237, BADH_BETVU
Q40024, BADH_HORVUO59808, BADH_SCHPOP17202, BADH_SPIOL
Q1QXE1, BETA1_CHRSDQ6FDF9, BETA_ACIADB7GYG5, BETA_ACIB3
B7I895, BETA_ACIB5B2HV79, BETA_ACIBCB0VST3, BETA_ACIBS
B0V945, BETA_ACIBYQ8UH55, BETA_AGRFCB9JBA2, BETA_AGRRK
A6X2G7, BETA_BRUA4A9M9H8, BETA_BRUC2Q8YFY2, BETA_BRUME
A5VPA6, BETA_BRUO2B0CKN4, BETA_BRUSIQ8G1Z8, BETA_BRUSU
B1Z034, BETA_BURA4A0B2F7, BETA_BURCHB4EHJ2, BETA_BURCJ
Q0B711, BETA_BURCMQ39A44, BETA_BURL3A9AMZ9, BETA_BURM1
Q62CH8, BETA_BURMAB1K707, BETA_BURO0Q1BQE2, BETA_BURO1
Q3JLL7, BETA_BURP1Q63KK7, BETA_BURPSQ2T6D0, BETA_BURTA
A4JJG6, BETA_BURVGA8AJN0, BETA_CITK8A7MFA8, BETA_CROS8
A7ZI50, BETA_ECO24B7UJG4, BETA_ECO27B7MCD0, BETA_ECO45
B7L439, BETA_ECO55Q8X6C6, BETA_ECO57B5Z1R0, BETA_ECO5E
B7M2V5, BETA_ECO8AB1XE52, BETA_ECODHA7ZWV4, BETA_ECOHS
Q0TKW1, BETA_ECOL5Q8FKI9, BETA_ECOL6B1J0W6, BETA_ECOLC
P17444, BETA_ECOLIB7N8L3, BETA_ECOLUB6I074, BETA_ECOSE
B1LIJ7, BETA_ECOSMQ1RFM3, BETA_ECOUTB5Y008, BETA_KLEP3
A6T613, BETA_KLEP7B2JS89, BETA_PARP8B2TCJ8, BETA_PARPJ
Q13NG7, BETA_PARXLQ6D6D9, BETA_PECASC6DKY4, BETA_PECCP
Q6LGH5, BETA_PHOPRB4EX94, BETA_PROMHQ48CM7, BETA_PSE14
A6VEI3, BETA_PSEA7B7V5R3, BETA_PSEA8Q02DZ0, BETA_PSEAB
Q9HTJ2, BETA_PSEAEQ1IG70, BETA_PSEE4Q4K4K7, BETA_PSEF5
C3K3D3, BETA_PSEFSA4XPI5, BETA_PSEMYA5WA97, BETA_PSEP1
Q3K5H3, BETA_PSEPFB0KN19, BETA_PSEPGQ88CW6, BETA_PSEPK
Q88AE7, BETA_PSESMQ4ZM63, BETA_PSEU2B3PTE0, BETA_RHIE6
Q2KB43, BETA_RHIECQ1MJU4, BETA_RHIL3Q985M5, BETA_RHILO
B5ZUG2, BETA_RHILWP54223, BETA_RHIMEA8GBX9, BETA_SERP5
Q0T7N0, BETA_SHIF8C3MIE4, BETA_SINFNA6U6Y8, BETA_SINMW
A7X6Z3, BETA_STAA1A6U4Z2, BETA_STAA2Q2FDP9, BETA_STAA3
Q2FV11, BETA_STAA8A5IW37, BETA_STAA9Q2YWJ5, BETA_STAAB
Q5HCU1, BETA_STAACA6QK99, BETA_STAAEP60336, BETA_STAAM
P60337, BETA_STAANQ6GDJ1, BETA_STAARQ6G664, BETA_STAAS
A8Z5A4, BETA_STAATQ8NUM0, BETA_STAAWQ5HL11, BETA_STAEQ
Q8CMY2, BETA_STAESQ4L9D7, BETA_STAHJQ4A0Q1, BETA_STAS1
Q9X2M2, BETA_STAXYB4SHV9, BETA_STRM5B2FQ89, BETA_STRMK
A7N2P9, BETA_VIBC1Q8D3K2, BETA_VIBVUQ7MF12, BETA_VIBVY
Q8PPG8, BETA_XANACQ3BXK8, BETA_XANC5Q4UYN5, BETA_XANC8
B0RNU9, BETA_XANCBQ8P5D7, BETA_XANCPA7FKL6, BETA_YERP3
Q1C932, BETA_YERPAB2K8U4, BETA_YERPBQ8ZGW0, BETA_YERPE
Q1CFR7, BETA_YERPNA4TNP2, BETA_YERPPQ66D54, BETA_YERPS
B1JSR0, BETA_YERPYP54222, BETB1_RHIMEQ92YD2, BETB2_RHIME
Q6FDF8, BETB_ACIADB7GYG4, BETB_ACIB3B7I896, BETB_ACIB5
B2HV80, BETB_ACIBCB0VST2, BETB_ACIBSA3M365, BETB_ACIBT
B0V944, BETB_ACIBYQ8UH56, BETB_AGRFCB9JBA3, BETB_AGRRK
B2SA42, BETB_BRUA1Q2YMP8, BETB_BRUA2A6X2G8, BETB_BRUA4
Q57EI0, BETB_BRUABA9M9H7, BETB_BRUC2C0RHQ3, BETB_BRUMB
Q8YFY0, BETB_BRUMEA5VPA5, BETB_BRUO2B0CKN3, BETB_BRUSI
Q8G1Z9, BETB_BRUSUB1Z033, BETB_BURA4A0B2F6, BETB_BURCH
B4EHJ1, BETB_BURCJQ0B712, BETB_BURCMQ39A43, BETB_BURL3
A9AN00, BETB_BURM1A3MEC6, BETB_BURM7A2RWD6, BETB_BURM9
Q62CH7, BETB_BURMAA1UVS4, BETB_BURMSB1K708, BETB_BURO0
Q1BQE1, BETB_BURO1A3P6B0, BETB_BURP0Q3JLL8, BETB_BURP1
A3NKP8, BETB_BURP6Q63KK8, BETB_BURPSA4JJG5, BETB_BURVG
A3PI00, BETB_CERS1Q3J4E9, BETB_CERS4A4WUY6, BETB_CERS5
B9KNS6, BETB_CERSKQ9L4K1, BETB_CHRSDA7ZI51, BETB_ECO24
B7UJG5, BETB_ECO27B7MCD1, BETB_ECO45B7L441, BETB_ECO55
Q7AH91, BETB_ECO57B5Z1R1, BETB_ECO5EB7NK50, BETB_ECO7I
B7M2V6, BETB_ECO8AB1XET7, BETB_ECODHA7ZWV5, BETB_ECOHS
Q0TKW0, BETB_ECOL5Q8FKI8, BETB_ECOL6B1J0W5, BETB_ECOLC
P17445, BETB_ECOLIB7N8L4, BETB_ECOLUB6I075, BETB_ECOSE
B1LIJ8, BETB_ECOSMB5Y007, BETB_KLEP3A6W2P7, BETB_MARMS
B2JS88, BETB_PARP8B2TCJ9, BETB_PARPJQ13NG6, BETB_PARXL
Q6D6E0, BETB_PECASC6DKY5, BETB_PECCPQ48CM6, BETB_PSE14
A6VEI4, BETB_PSEA7B7V5R4, BETB_PSEA8Q02DY9, BETB_PSEAB
Q9HTJ1, BETB_PSEAEQ1IG69, BETB_PSEE4Q4K4K8, BETB_PSEF5
C3K3D2, BETB_PSEFSA4XPI6, BETB_PSEMYA5WA96, BETB_PSEP1
Q3K5H4, BETB_PSEPFB0KN18, BETB_PSEPGQ88CW7, BETB_PSEPK
B1J2K9, BETB_PSEPWQ88AE9, BETB_PSESMQ4ZM62, BETB_PSEU2
B3PTE1, BETB_RHIE6Q2KB42, BETB_RHIECQ1MJU3, BETB_RHIL3
Q985M6, BETB_RHILOB5ZUG3, BETB_RHILWA8GBX8, BETB_SERP5
Q0T7M9, BETB_SHIF8C3MIE5, BETB_SINFNA6U6Y9, BETB_SINMW
B4SHW0, BETB_STRM5B2FQ90, BETB_STRMKA4VKC2, BETB_STUS1
B7VQ28, BETB_VIBA3A7N2Q0, BETB_VIBC1Q87H52, BETB_VIBPA
Q8D3K3, BETB_VIBVUQ7MF13, BETB_VIBVYQ8PPG7, BETB_XANAC
Q3BXK7, BETB_XANC5Q4UYN4, BETB_XANC8B0RNV0, BETB_XANCB
Q8P5D8, BETB_XANCPA7FKL5, BETB_YERP3Q1C931, BETB_YERPA
B2K8U5, BETB_YERPBQ8ZGV9, BETB_YERPEQ1CFR8, BETB_YERPN
A4TNP1, BETB_YERPPQ66D53, BETB_YERPSB1JSQ9, BETB_YERPY
P71016, GBSA_BACSU

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All ENZYME / UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries corresponding to 1.2.1.-
All ENZYME / UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries corresponding to 1.2.-.-
All ENZYME / UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries corresponding to 1.-.-.-